Machinery Lubrication magazine published by Noria Corporation
Issue link: http://www.e-digitaleditions.com/i/655822
the table above. The best way to combat additives is to minimize your exposure to them. Always limit contact between your skin and the lubricant. MSDS A lubricant's material safety data sheet (MSDS) can enable you to understand the risks to humans, animals and the environ- ment. Each section of the MSDS is numbered and should include the informa- tion needed to determine if the lubricant is toxic, as detailed below: Section 1 — The identification section identifies the chemical on the MSDS as well as the recommended uses. It also provides essential contact information for the supplier. Section 2 — Hazard(s) identification includes the chemical's hazards and the appropriate warning information associ- ated with those hazards. Section 3 — The composition/informa- tion on ingredients section identifies the ingredient(s) included in the product, such as stabilizing additives and impurities. It also contains information on substances, mixtures and all chemicals where a trade secret is claimed. Section 4 — The first-aid measures www.machinerylubrication.com | March - April 2016 | 47 ADDITIVE TYPE PURPOSE TYPICAL COMPOUNDS FUNCTIONS Anti-wear and EP Agents Reduce friction and wear, and prevent scoring and seizure Zinc dithiophosphates, organic phos- phates, acid phosphates, organic sulfur and chlorine compounds, sulfurized fats, sulfides and disulfides Chemical reaction with metal surface to form a film with lower shear strength than the metal, thereby preventing metal-to-metal contact Corrosion and Rust Inhibitors Prevent corrosion and rusting of metal parts in contact with the lubricant Zinc dithiophosphates, metal pheno- lates, basic metal sulfonates, fatty acids and amines Preferential adsorption of polar constituent on metal surface to provide protective film or neutralize corrosive acids Detergents Keep surfaces free of deposits Metallo-organic compounds of sodium, calcium and magnesium-phenolates, phosphonates and sulfonates Chemical reaction with sludge and varnish precursors to neutralize them and keep them soluble Dispersants Keep insoluble con- taminants dispersed in the lubricant Alkylsuccinimides, alkylsuccinic esters and Mannich reaction products Contaminants are bonded by a polar attraction to disper- sant molecules, prevented from agglomerating and kept in suspension due to the solubility of the dispersant Friction Modifiers Alter the coefficient of friction Organic fatty acids and amides, lard oil, high-molecular-weight organic phosphorus and phosphoric acid esters Preferential adsorption of surface-active materials Pour Point Depressants Enable lubricant to flow at low temperatures Alkylated naphthalene and phenolic polymers, polymethacrylates, maleate/ fumerate copolymer esters Modify wax crystal formation to reduce interlocking Seal Swell Agents Swell elastomeric seals Organic phosphates and aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical reaction with elastomer to cause slight swell Viscosity Modifiers Reduce the rate of viscosity change with temperature Polymers and copolymers of olefins, methacrylates, dienes or alkylated styrenes Polymers expand with increasing temperature to counteract oil thinning Anti-foamants Prevent lubricant from forming a persistent foam Silicone polymers, organic copolymers Reduce surface tension to speed collapse of foam Antioxidants Retard oxidative decomposition Zinc dithiophosphates, hindered phenols, aromatic amines, sulfurized phenols Decompose peroxides and terminate free- radical reactions Metal Deactivators Reduce catalytic effect of metals on oxidation rate Organic complexes containing nitrogen or sulfur, amines, sulfides and phosphites Form inactive film on metal surfaces by complexing with metallic ions