Issue link: https://www.e-digitaleditions.com/i/1066130
January/February 2019 I 11 1 mm. Because 802.11ad uses 60 GHz, it is often referred to as millimeter wave radio, but more commonly known as WiGig. WiGig does not address millimeter wave short haul systems. 802.11ad: This is amendment 3 to the IEEE Standard 802.11-2012, providing enhancements for "very high throughput in the 60 GHz band" (57-64 GHz within the IEEE designated V-band). This band is governed by a separate set of FCC rules (47 CFR part 15), which is unlicensed and not considered ISM or U-NII. The 802.11ad specification has been developed by two distinct FIGURE 2: Outdoor at 60 GHz-1Gb/s at 300 to 400 yards. 10% 10 GHz 50 GHz 98% of Energy Absorbed by O 2 at 60GHz 100 GHz 200 GHz 300 GHz 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% FIGURE 3: Oxygen absorption chart. comparison to the higher bands, which is why it does not require licensing. Without getting into a lot of science, radio waves are primarily absorbed by water vapor or molecular oxygen, the latter not being much of a factor most of the time. However, 60 GHz is affected by oxygen absorption at a much higher level than most of the radio spectrum, reducing its energy by as much as 90 percent as compared to the same power levels in the higher 70-80- 90 GHz bands as depicted in Figure 3. However, using 60 GHz, which can provide network links up to 1 Gb/s over several hundred yards, has some built-in security benefits that longer, wider beam links cannot offer. If the link only needs to be 300 or 400 yards and to ensure that signals will not be intercepted a mile away, 802.11ad has some important advantages. Indoor application: WiGig was a trade association established to develop and market this technology much like the Wi-Fi Alliance has done with other 802.11 standards. Although WiGig started out as a separate entity from the Wi-Fi Alliance, the two were unified in March 2013, and now WiGig works under the banner of the Wi-Fi Alliance. WiGig, in association with the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA), developed a specification to use the 60 GHz band, which was better markets, indoor multimedia applications and outdoor short haul interconnects, for a variety of applications including millimeter wave applications. The FCC limits the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of this band to 43 decibels relative to one milliwatt (dBm) for indoor use. For outdoor use, the limit is 85 dBm, which is similar to the power levels of the licensed higher frequency millimeter wave bands. However, 60 GHz suffers from an atmospheric anomaly unique to that band that limits its range (Figure 2) in