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Website: northamerica.covetrus.com Sign up for our e-newsletter, read our blogs, view our videos, register for webinars, download free tools and more! Educational Events Visit us at the industry tradeshows and our dental and orthopedic wetlab seminars for hands-on demonstrations and training from product experts. Animal Health SOLUTIONS Q2 | 2019 Connect with success 7 steps to win with social media Pages 6-9 COV_19CA91-AHS_Q219.indd 1 5/8/19 5:01 PM (855) SCHEIN1 (724-3461) | www.henryscheinvet.com Visit us at our booth #429 for a hands-on experience of our new equipment options for your equine practice. INSIDE: Major Promotions! Also view more online at: henryscheinvet.com/aaep2018 AAEP Educational Program At-A-Glance See page 6 for details HS_18EQLA178-AAEP EquineBG.indd 1 11/5/18 1:34 PM Reference Materials Infographics, reference charts and posters Publications & Catalogs Articles, tips and useful tools! Add items to your web account directly from our digital pubs just by clicking on the SKU. Go to: northamerica.covetrus.com. Click on Knowledge Base > Our Publications. Equine & Livestock Product and Promotions Guide | May 2019 ORDER TODAY: 855.724.3461 | covetrus.com Understanding antigenic drift Utilize this removable infographic for flu education. See pages 10-11 for details. COV_19EQLS90_ProdGuide_EqLA_May.indd 1 4/25/19 6:06 PM We deliver you all your Sales and product information: (7 a.m. - 9 p.m. EST) Toll-free: 855.724.3461 Equine dedicated: 855.472.4371 Livestock dedicated: 833.631.8918 Institutions: 800.552.8387 Global Prescription Management: 888.280.2221 Global Software Services: 855.478.7920 Fax: 888.329.3861 Covetrus 400 Metro Place North Dublin, OH 43017 Follow our social media network covetrus.com Understanding antigenic drift of equine flu Antibodies form and react to a vaccine. When vaccinated, horses develop antibodies to the virus found in the vaccine. When antibodies are present following exposure, they bind to flu receptors to neutralize the virus. As the virus mutates (or drifts), the antibodies become less effective. Viral strains evolve over time. Surface antigens change or drift. When exposed to a drifted virus, antibodies offer some clinical protection, but may have less direct protection. 1,2 This is known as cross protection. While cross protection may offer some defense, studies show horses may still shed as much as an unvaccinated horse. 1 Consider up-to- date vaccines to protect against the most recent drifts. Direct protection is best, but not all flu vaccines are created equally. It's critical to use updated vaccines that protect from newer flu strains including Florida Clade 1 and Clade 2 strains. CLADE 1: A/eq/South Africa/04/2003- like or A/eq/Ohio/2003-like use 3 CLADE 2: A/eq/Richmond/1/2007-like viruses 3 When the virus's surface antigens drift, the antibodies that formed to fight the original strain may not offer as much protection. Each flu season, it's important to consider updated vaccines that offer direct protection against new viral mutations. Antibodies form and bind to the virus to neutralize it. SOURCES 1 Cullinane A and Newton JR. Equine influenza — A global perspective. Vet Microbiol 2013:167(1-2):205-214. Vetera vaccines, flustory.com. Accessed March 15, 2018. 2 Paillot R, Prowse L, Montesso F, et. al. Whole inactivated equine influenza vaccine: Efficacy against a representative Clade 2 equine influenza virus. IFN-gamma synthesis and duration of humoral immunity. Vet Microbial 2013:162(2-4)396-407. Vetera vaccines, flustory.com. Accessed March 15, 2018. 3 OIE Expert Surveillance Panel on Equine Influenza Vaccine Composition, OIE Headquarters, 22 March 2017, Conclusions and Recommendations. http://www.oie.int/our-scientific-expertise/specific-information-and-recommendations/equine-influenza/. Accessed March 15, 2018 4 Sellers, Lunn, et. al. 2011 ACVIM Forum, Gildea et. al. 2011 Vaccine 9214-9233. Daly J.M., MacRae S.M., Newton R., et. al. Veterinary Journal 189 (2011) 7-14. 5 https://thehorse.com/132674/the-equine-immune-system/ © 2019 Covetrus. All Rights Reserved. No copying without permission. Not responsible for typographical errors. Lit. No. 19EQLS68 (03/2019) ANTIGENIC DRIFT DEFINED: Involves the accumulation over time of amino acid changes in surface glycoproteins, HA (haemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) on the influenza virus. Antibodies are produced in the secondary lymphoid tissues. These tissues include bone marrow and lymphoid tissues scattered throughout the body. 5 Some horses may have only mild or moderate clinical signs of disease, but have heavy virus shedding resulting in an increased risk of influenza infection at population level. 4 New Viral Strain COV_19EQLA68-AntigenicDriftInfoGraph.indd 1 4/19/19 9:58 PM Since 1999, thousands of cases of equine WNV encephalomyelitis reported in U.S., with 30-40% fatality rate. Low incidence doesn't negate the risk of West Nile virus in horses. 1999 West Nile virus first diagnosed in U.S. horses West Nile virus is an endemic in all areas of North America. Incubation period in horses is 3-15 days. Stupor Behavioral changes Difficulty rising Apprehension Limb weakness Death Fever Muscle fasciculation/ twitching Blindness Depression Recumbency Muzzle tremors Droopy lip Ataxia Partial paralysis Teeth grinding Convulsions Diagnostic blood tests include: Preventive management techniques: of horses that survive acute illness experience residual effects such as gait and behavioral abnormalities. 40% LESS SEVERE MOST SEVERE Clinical signs may include: Reduce or eliminate standing or stagnant water accumulation Keep horses in barn from dusk until dawn to prevent bites Setting mosquito traps Oscillating air with fans Remove organic debris Apply topical mosquito repellents approved for horses Vaccination recommended as core vaccine for all horses in North America Plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT) Virus neutralization Hemagglutination inhibition Complement fixation ELISA Antigen (IgM and IgG) capture ELISA Risk of exposure and geographic distribution varies yearly. Therefore, all horses in North America are recommended for immunization. Types of vaccines and AAEP recommended administration guidelines: INACTIVATED WHOLE VIRUS VACCINE Primary series of 2 doses to previously unvaccinated horses, with 4-6 week interval between doses Revaccinate in one year INACTIVATED FLAVIVIRUS CHIMERA VACCINE Primary series of 2 doses to previously unvaccinated horses, with 3-4 week interval between doses Revaccinate in one year RECOMBINANT CANARYPOX VECTOR VACCINE Primary series of 2 doses to previously unvaccinated horses, with 4-6 week interval between doses Revaccinate in one year Benefits of working with your vet to administer vaccines: SOURCES https://aaep.org/guidelines/vaccination-guidelines/core-vaccination-guidelines | https://aaep.org/horsehealth/west-nile-virus-vaccination-guidelines https://www.merckvetmanual.com/management-and-nutrition/health-management-interaction-horses/vaccination-program-for-horses https://www.bi-vetmedica.com/species/equine/resources/vaccinating_yourhorse.html | https://www.veterinarypracticenews.com/more-clients-vaccinating-own-horses/ © 2019 Covetrus. All Rights Reserved. No copying without permission. Not responsible for typographical errors. Lit. No. 19EQLS82 (03/2019) You'll know the vaccines have been properly stored and handled to maintain efficacy Vets are apprised of the safest vaccination schedules Vets are more experienced with safe injection techniques to minimize side effects Vets can effectively monitor and treat any reactions or side effects Educational Resources