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2 / March 2021 powderbulk.com Powder and Bulk Engineering (ISSN 0897-6627) is published monthly, twelve times per year by CSC Publishing Inc., 1155 Northland Drive, St. Paul, MN 55120. Periodicals postage paid at St. Paul, MN and additional mailing office. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Powder and Bulk Engineering, 1155 Northland Drive, St. Paul, MN 55120. March 2021 | Volume 35 Number 3 www.powderbulk.com T H E AU T H O R I T Y S I N C E 1 9 8 7 8 Correction 8 Industry news 15 Markets update 17 Research notes 24 Special section: Bin level indicators 45 Calendar 48 Continuing education 51 What's new 52 Supplier notes 52 People news 54 Product news C3 Classified advertising C3 Advertiser index DEPARTMENTS INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE 7 Adult professional education: Teaching and learning in a virtual world Todd Smith PNEUMATIC CONVEYING 18 Pneumatic points to ponder: Reader questions – A good source of information review and getting back to the basics! Jack Hilbert and Colin Barbeau 26 Boosting profitability and reducing safety risks with vacuum conveyors Doan Pendleton 30 Estimating pressure drop for a dilute- phase pneumatic conveying system Eric Maynard 37 Focus products 56 Suppliers' tips Suppliers offer maintenance tips for efficient vacuum pneumatic conveying system operation GENERAL FEATURES 41 Circular versus rectangular vibratory fluid-bed dryer-coolers Sunny Nwadinma 43 Nanotechnology On the cover: Smart Elbow deflection elbows are shown as part of a pneumatic conveying system at RheTech Inc., a compound- er of glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. Deflection elbows replaced 140 existing sweep elbows to eliminate silo-top elbow replacements and plastic streamer issues in the system, reduc- ing replacement part costs, labor, and downtime. Elbows are designed to prevent material impacts on the elbow wall, thereby preventing abrasion, degradation, frictional heat, and streamers. Courtesy of HammerTek, Bethlehem, PA (610-814-2273). 51 18 26