Inhalation

INH1021

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Inhalation OCTOBER 2021 27 tension, and estimates of liquid, vapor, and critical densities. J Phys Chem 1990, 94: 8840-8845. 12. Huber ML, Ely JF: Prediction of viscosity of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilib 1992, 80: 239-248. 13. Solstice™ ze (HFO-1234ze) Refrigerant. Honey- well. https://www.climalife.co.uk/docs/Solstice%20 1234ze%20brochure.pdf. 14. Johnson R, Lewis DI, Young PM, Versteeg HK, Hargrave GK: Determination of density and sur- face tension in ethanol and HFA 134a mixtures. In Respiratory Drug Delivery 2018. Volume 2. Edited by Dalby RN, Byron PR, Hindle M, Peart J, Traini D, Young PM, Farr SJ, Suman JD, Watts A. DHI Publishing; River Grove, IL: 2018: 467-472. 15. Johnson R, Lewis DI, Young PM, Versteeg HK, Hargrave GK: Determination of viscosity in etha- nol and HFA 134a mixtures. In Respiratory Drug Delivery 2018. Volume 2. Edited by Dalby RN, Byron PR, Hindle M, Peart J, Traini D, Young PM, Farr SJ, Suman JD, Watts A. DHI Publishing; River Grove, IL: 2018: 473-476. 16. Gavtash B, Myatt B, Mason F, Lewis D, Church T, Versteeg HK, et al.: Saturated vapour pressure (SVP) measurement of ethanol/HFA binary mix- tures. In Drug Delivery to the Lungs 2015. e Aerosol Society. Bristol, UK: 2015: 26. 17. Poling BE, Prausnitz JM, O'Connell JP: Proper- ties of gases and liquids. Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, New York: 2001. 18. Camm J, Versteeg HK: A thermodynamic framework to predict thermophysical properties that control pMDI aerosol generation. In Respiratory Drug Delivery 2021. Volume 1. Edited by Dalby RN, Peart J, Suman JD, Young PM, Traini D. DHI Publishing; River Grove, IL: 2021: 27-34. 19. Cao W, Knudsen K, Fredenslund A, Rasmus- sen P: Simultaneous correlation of viscosity and vapor-liquid equilibrium data. Ind Eng Chem Res 1993, 32: 2077-2087. 20. Sprow FB, Prausnitz JM: Surface tensions of simple liquid mixtures. Trans Faraday Soc 1966, 62: 1105-1111. 21. Taylor R, Krishna R: Multicomponent mass transfer. Wiley, New York: 1993. 22. Camm J, Versteeg H: Predicting pMDI for- mulation thermophysical properties using activity coe cient models. In Drug Delivery to the Lungs 2020. e Aerosol Society. Bristol, UK: 2020: 31. Joseph Camm, PhD, is a Lecturer in Mechanical Engi- neering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, UK, Joseph.Camm@liverpool.ac.uk, www.linkedin.com/ in/joseph-camm-45830539. References 1. United Nations Environment Program: e Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol: HFC Phase- down. OzonAction Fact Sheet OZFS/16/11_1, UNEP, Paris, France: 2016. 2. Corr S, Watkinson P: HFA-152a from the Lab- oratory to Commercial Production: A Practical Guide. Workshop Presentation. RDD 2021. 3. Stein SW, Myatt BJ, Cocks P, Wrigglesworth S, Versteeg HK, Gavtash B: Experimental and theoret- ical investigations of pMDI atomization and plume characteristics using alternative propellants. In Respiratory Drug Delivery 2021. Volume 1. Edited by Dalby RN, Peart J, Suman JD, Young PM, Traini D. DHI Publishing; River Grove, IL: 2021: 15-26. 4. Mao L, Roscher R, Knowles M: Exploring new pMDI propellants for a greener future: Consider- ations for developers and manufacturers. Inhalation 2021, 15(3): 13-16. 5. Gavtash B, Jacques C, Versteeg H, Myatt B: Computational uid dynamics simulation of cavi- tating propellant ow inside a pressurised metered dose inhaler expansion chamber, using volume of uid method. In Drug Delivery to the Lungs 2020. e Aerosol Society. Bristol, UK: 2020: 31. 6. Duke DJ, Nguyen DT, Scott HN, Kusangaya AJ, Kastengren AL, Schmidt D, Honnery D: Combining modeling with advanced experimental techniques to optimize formulation and nozzle design for low GWP pMDIs. In Respiratory Drug Delivery 2021. Volume 1. Edited by Dalby RN, Peart J, Suman JD, Young PM, Traini D. DHI Publishing; River Grove, IL: 2021: 35-44. 7. Gavtash B, Myatt B, O'Shea H, Mason F, Lewis D, Church T, Versteeg HK, Hargrave G, Brambilla G: PDA and high speed image analysis of HFA/etha- nol pMDI aerosols: New ndings. In Drug Delivery to the Lungs 2020. e Aerosol Society. Bristol, UK: 2015: 26. 8. Mason-Smith N, Duke DJ, Kastengren AL, Edg- ington-Mitchell D, Honnery, D: High-speed X-ray imaging of pressurized metered-dose inhaler sprays with variable ethanol content, ILASS—Asia 2017. 9. Clark AR: Metered atomisation for respiratory drug delivery, PhD Dissertation. 1991. Loughbor- ough University Of Technology, Loughborough, UK. 10. Gavtash B, Versteeg HK, Hargrave G, Myatt B, Lewis D, Church T, Brambilla G: A model of tran- sient internal ow and atomization of propellant/ ethanol mixtures in pressurized metered dose inhal- ers (pMDI), Aerosol Sci Tech, 2018, 52:5, 494-504, DOI:10.1080/02786826.2018.1433814. 11. Chae HB, Schmidt JW, Moldover MR: Alterna- tive refrigerants R123a, R134, R141b, R142b, and R152a: Critical temperature, refractive index, surface

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