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Block. Because magnesium is critical to the nervous system and muscle function, a deficiency can result in incoordination, hyperexcitability, muscle twitching, and stiffness. is condition is also associated with high potassium levels, which interfere with magnesium absorption and magnify the deficiency. "ere are several oral or intravenous treatment options for many of these conditions," Stokka says. "e most important thing is for producers to contact their veterinarians immediately if they experience any down cow cases. ey will typically conduct a thorough exam and get details on the animal's history that will help determine effective treatment." In addition to metabolic issues, down cows close to calving could have miscarried and be suffering from a secondary infection. Unexplained injury or trauma also could have occurred. erefore, it is important to evaluate each situation. e presence of one or more down cows in a herd can indicate a potential herd-wide emergency. Preventing these situations requires sampling and analysis of feedstuffs and managing late-gestation nutrition. Water quality may also be a factor in some cases, so it is good to conduct a livestock suitability analysis. In addition, avoid adding stress associated with processing or handling cale within a month of calving to reduce the likelihood of down cows and calving issues, adds Stokka. "Providing adequate amounts of nutrients and high-quality water is critical for pregnant cows," says Block. "Careful monitoring of cale before calving is important to recognize potential nutritional challenges, and acting quickly can increase the likelihood of saving downed cows and preventing additional issues." 41 farm406

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