Issue link: https://www.e-digitaleditions.com/i/1472963
24 I ICT TODAY DATA COLLECTION Data is necessary for understanding a building's energy consumption. Luckily, this is easy to gather with IoT-enabled smart building platforms that use connected devices and systems to provide usage insights and easy automation to improve energy efficiency. With data from intelligent building platforms, building operators can make informed decisions on how to create better energy outcomes for their spaces based on how lighting, shading, HVAC, and other systems and devices interact. An IoT platform provides the necessary energy-consumption analytics on use and overuse, as well as providing the indicators of where adjustments are needed to save energy. The Purdue Model of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, developed in the 1990s, defines the dif- ferent levels of critical infrastructure used in production lines and how to secure them. The model provides indus- trial control systems architecture guidance, but it is also relevant for BASs, which are laid out in a similar fashion. Ethernet is already used down through Level 2, leaving Levels 0-1 as the last frontier. Single-pair Ethernet offers the opportunity to bring Ethernet functionality to these levels that are becoming increasingly important as BASs leverage real-time data to make decisions in the building. Level 0 consists of a wide variety of sensors, actuators, and devices that perform the basic functions of the auto- mation and control system, such as driving a motor, measuring variables, setting an output, and performing other key functions. These devices take direction and communicate status with the control devices in the next level of the model. Level 1 consists of programmable automation con- trollers (PACs) that control and manipulate automation processes and interface with the Level 0 devices (e.g., [input/output] I/O, linking devices, bridges). The PACs are the brains of the automation and control system, making the basic decisions based on feedback from the devices found at Level 0. The Purdue Model is shown in Figure 1. Level 5 Enterprise Security Zone Industrial Demilitarized Zone Industrial Security Zone(s) Cell/Area Zone(s) Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Level 0 Remote Gateway Services Application Mirror Site Operations Operator Interface Operator Interface Area Supervisory Control Engineering Workstation Enterprise Network Email, Intranet, etc. Site Business Planning and Logistics Network Web Email CIP Firewall Firewall Web Services Operations Reverse Proxy Patch Management AV Server FactoryTalk Application Server FactoryTalk Application Client Batch Control Sensors Drives Actuators Robots Discrete Control Safety Control FactoryTalk Directory Engineering Workstation Remote Access Server Drive Control Continuous Process Control Basic Control Process FactoryTalk Client FIGURE 1: The Purdue Model is used to show the different layers of operation systems in an industrial OT network, but the same principles can be applied to BAS. With the introduction of SPE, Ethernet can be used all the way down to levels 0-1.