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vegetable oils, including soy, corn, canola, and safflower. Sunflower and avocado oils are too fay. Omega-3 Fay Acids are present in fish oil or marine fish such as fresh mackerel and are helpful with conditions like arthritis, heart issues, and cancer. Minerals that are necessary for the immunity and health of a pet include copper (extra copper is not needed if beef is the primary protein source since it contains the highest concentration of copper), iron, zinc (which must be watched to make sure it does not exceed toxic levels), magnesium, manganese, sodium (regulated in heart and kidney dogs) and iodine. Essential vitamins are A, B complex, and B12 (necessary to avoid anemia and for kidney health), and C, D, and E. ese vitamins must be in forms that dogs can metabolize. Sources of lipids (healthy fats) and carbohydrates are helpful and vital energy sources. It's also essential to research what ingredients dog food can't contain, like garlic, onions, raisins, grapes, and kabocha squash. 2 Proportion size maers, and doing the math in advance will ensure the correct balance of protein and essential fay acids. While it's a lot of work to do it correctly, many owners who cook for their dogs say the effort is rewarding for them and their dogs. However, it is a commitment that must be taken seriously. Prepping in advance is key to a successful homemade diet. If you haven't prepped for the week, especially if you have a special dietary-needs dog, don't run to the store or throw something together for the sake of convenience. Last night's brisket will likely send a pancreatitis-prone dog straight to the vet. BalanceIt is a great website resource with tips on preparing pet food and managing pet nutrition. Before embarking on this new food adventure, it is important to consult with an experienced animal dietician, your pet's veterinarian, or veterinary team member who has experience or is certified in canine nutrition, especially if your dog suffers from medical issues. e experts will help determine the ingredients your pet needs for a healthy diet and the calories necessary to maintain proper weight and energy. en, map out the most reputable places to purchase meat, produce, and supplies while budgeting the time and money needed to make it happen. When done correctly, you will witness consistent, positive results. 1. USDA Report, Where's the (Not) Meat? Byproducts From Beef and Pork Production, LDP-M-209-01 Economic Research Service/USDA, November 2011, p. 3 2. American Kennel Club, Fruits and Vegetables Dogs Can or Can't Eat, AKC Staff, August 20, 2021, hps://www.akc.org/expert-advice/nutrition/fruits-vegetables-dogs-can-and- cant-eat/. Accessed 04 December SIGNATURE MONTANA | 97 PET HEALTH 101 S MT moments DSidlephoto 406.241.2321 DSidlephotography comme rcial memo ries David Photogr aphy Sidle Lisa Baker is a licensed veterinary technician at Best Friends Animal Hospital and a lifelong animal and outdoor lover. She and her wife, along with their feathered and furry babies, love calling Montana home.