18 April 2022 Inhalation
Tests, Pharm. Forum, 44(5), September 2018 (now
online at Legacy Pharmacopeial Forum).
10. Versteeg, H. K., D. L. Roberts, F. Chambers, A.
Cooper, M. Copley, J. P. Mitchell, A Cross-Industry
Assessment of the Flow Rate-Elapsed Time Profiles
of Test Equipment Typically Used for Dry-Powder
Inhaler (DPI) Testing: Part 2—Analysis of Transient
Air Flow in the Testing of DPIs with Compendial
Cascade Impactors, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 54(12), 1448-
1470 (2020).
11. Roberts, D. L., F. Chambers, M. Copley, J. P.
Mitchell, Internal Volumes of Pharmaceutical Com-
pendial Induction Port, Next-Generation Impactor
With and Without Pre-separator, and Several Con-
figurations of the Andersen Cascade Impactor With
and Without Pre-separator, J. Aerosol Med. Pulmon.
Drug Del., 33(4), 214-229 (2020).
12. Westerman, T., Loughborough University; Per-
sonal Communication via H. Versteeg, Loughbor-
ough University, February 2022.
13. Parker Hannifin Corporation, Instrumenta-
tion Products Division, Jacksonville, AL, US, Cat-
alog NV-4110, June 2019, https://www.parker.com/
Literature/Instrumentation%20Products%20
Division/Catalogs/IPD_Needle_Valves_Catalog_
4110-NV.pdf.
14. Lee, J. F., F. W. Sears, ermodynamics, Addison-
Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA, US,
Second Edition, 1963.
15. Roberts, D. L., N. Maidment, M. A. Copley,
Improved Protocol for Relating Impactor Stage Press-
sure Drop to the Suitability for Routine Use, Drug
Delivery to the Lungs 2017, Edinburgh, UK, e
Aerosol Society, December 6-8, 2017, pp. 94-97.
Daryl L. Roberts, PhD, is President of Applied Particle
Principles, LLC, 17347 Westham Estates Court, Hamil-
ton, VA, 20158, US, Tel.: +1 612 845-3293, droberts@
particleprinciples.com, www.particleprinciples.com.
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