Machinery Lubrication magazine published by Noria Corporation
Issue link: https://www.e-digitaleditions.com/i/1470959
38 | May - June 2022 | www . machinerylubrication.com off half of the test subjects, but it isn't the only acronym that you might see on this testing. Read the sidebar on pg. 37 to learn more about some of the common acronyms. Aqueous toxicity can go a whole lot deeper than this as well. You might see terms like Tw(X) or Ts(X), where the (X) represents a number between 1 and 4. So, what are these indicating? e Ts stands for Toxicity in soil, and the Tw indicates Toxicity in water. e numbers correlate to the LL50 rating and the concen- tration of oil contaminant it takes to get there. Simply put, a Ts/Tw 1 rating means that the Load Limit is greater than 1,000 mg/l. e 2 rating means that the contaminant load is somewhere between 100-1,000 mg/l, the 3 rating between 10-100 mg/l and the 4 rating would be the most harmful, coming in at <10mg/l to reach the LL50 mark. You may be asking, "How are they going to test rainbow trout survival rate in soil?" Well, they aren't. For soil testing, they use earthworms and lettuce. e chart below is an EPA reference that gives breakdown of what species are tested and when they might be the test subjects: ere are quite literally hundreds upon hundreds of pages of regulation, test methods, results, etc., on this subject. is article isn't meant to be a source for "how-to" and "what does all of it mean," but rather is meant to provide a better basic understanding of what those lines in an SDS are actually telling us and why that stuff is important. But if MEDIUM TEST ORGANISMS TEST TEMP (°C) LIFE STAGE Freshwater Vertebrates Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 12 12 20- 25 30 - 60 days 15 - 30 days 1 - 14 days Invertebrates Amphipod (Hyalella) Waterflea (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia) Mayfly (Hexagenia limbata, Hexagenia bilineata) Midge (Chironomus) 20 or 25 20 or 25 17, 20 - 22 20 or 25 7 - 14 days 1 - 24 hours Young nymph First to second instar Alga Selenastrum capricornutum 25 4 - 7 days stock culture Marine and Estuarine Waters Vertebrates Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) Silverside (Menidia species) 20 or 25 20 or 25 1 - 14 days 9 - 14 days Invertebrates Sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) Mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis) 20 20 ‹ 1 hour old 1 - 5 days Alga Champia parvula 23 Sexually mature Freshwater Sediment Amphipod (Hyalella azteca) Midge (Chironomus tentans and Chironomus riparius) 20 - 25 20 or 25 7 - 14 days First to second instar Marine Sediment Amphipod (Rhepoxynius abronius) Amphipod (Eohaustorius estuarius) Amphipod (Ampelisca abdita) Amphipod (Grandidier lla japonica) 15 15 20 15 - 19 Mature 3-5 mm, mixed sex Mature 3-5 mm, mixed sex Immature or mature female only Immature 3-6mm, no female w/ embryos Oil Earthworm (Eisenia foetida) Lettuce (Latuca sativa) 22 24 300 - 600 mg adult Seed Chart 3. Plant and Animal Species Used in Standard Toxicity Tests ENERGY CONSERVATION, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT E C O - T O X I C- ITY IN SOIL ECO-TOCIC- ITY IN WATER LOADING RATE WPPM (LL50) Ts1 Tw1 ›1000 Ts2 Tw2 1000-100 Ts3 Tw3 100-10 Ts4 Tw4 ‹10 Chart 2. Toxicity loading rates