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PharmTech.com The Real Message Behind Commercial mRNA Products April eBook 2023 Pharmaceutical Technology ® 39 AnAly tics mass spectrometers provide high sensitivity with high resolution, the latter feature rising in importance as the complexity and heterogeneity of materials under exam- ination become more acute. The implementation of mul- tiple fragmentation functions (e.g., collision-induced dissociation, higher energy collisional dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation, ultraviolet photodisso- ciation) on the orbitrap-based mass spectrometers also enables researchers to tackle a wide range of challeng- ing applications. Conclusion The use of MS in the study of oligonucleotides has be- come almost as significant as applications in the pep- tide/protein area despite the historical impact of tech- niques such as PCR. It is highly likely that novel RNA structures are yet to be discovered, leading to greater understanding of the function and role of this molecular type and potentially the development of more effective therapeutic agents. As with protein chemistry, high- er-order structure governs the function of many RNA species. It is likely that MS will play an important role in defining these large RNA structures that currently remain unresolved (18). Mass spectrometric techniques are just beginning to provide insights in some critical therapeutic areas where, for example, the quantitative identification of RNA modifications (genetic and epi- genic) appears to provide a source of potential biomark- ers and treatment monitoring in areas such as oncology (19). MS has also become important in the development and understanding of therapeutic products themselves as illustrated by the work of Packer et al. 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