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16 Pharmaceutical Technology ® Trends in Formulation 2023 eBook PharmTech.com WASEEM ALI KHAN - STOCK.ADOBE.COM B iosimulation (a term that includes model informed drug discovery and development) uses computer-based mathematical simula- tions derived from preclinical and clinical data to replicate biological processes, dynamics, and systems (1). By integrating and quantifying informa- tion about the drug, disease, how the drug affects the human body (pharmacokinetics [PK]), and how the body responds to the drug (pharmacodynam- ics), biosimulation optimizes decision-making. Used in most novel drug development programs today, it can predict clinical outcomes, inform clinical trial design, support evidence of effectiveness, and im- prove safety profiles by predicting drug–drug inter- actions (DDIs), and optimizing dosing. Biosimula- tion, which accelerates drug development, is actively used across the industry, and encouraged by FDA and other global regulators. In the context of formulation development, a key biosimulation approach, termed model informed for- mulation development (MIFD), is used to determine the in-vitro in-vivo correlation and/or extrapolation (IVIVC/IVIVE), a predictive mathematical model de- scribing the relationship between an in-vitro property of a dosage form and an in-vivo PK or response. IVIVC is used to establish a predictive relationship between in-vitro drug dissolution and in-vivo drug absorption. IVIVC can be numerically based, for drugs with a simpler, often linear relationship between absorption and dissolution, or mechanistically based (also called physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling, or PBPK), for more complex products. Based on decades of data and advancements in mathematical modeling, currently available PBPK models can help simulate the transit, disintegration, dissolution, precipitation, and absorption of drug from Advancing Oral Drug Development Using MIFD Nikunj Patel is senior director of PBPK Consultancy Services, Ellen Leinfuss is senior vice president and chief commercial officer, both at the Simcyp division of Certara. Model informed formulation development uses in-silico modeling and simulation to identify and/or refine promising formulations faster and cheaper, support formulation strategy and increasingly, demonstrate virtual bioequivalence and obtain biowaivers.