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Inhalation OCTOBER2015 27 option, comprising a 15-hour credit based on lecture time. The course also included laboratory time and hands-on experience with each of the main inhaler types as well as performance measure- ment equipment. During the period from January to March 2015, Mahavir and I gave the course for the first time to a class. The students' responses after the course were highly positive. They recognized the importance of being knowledgeable about inhalation products, especially now that prac- ticing pharmacists are becoming more involved in the education and repeated training of patients, and in a few jurisdictions, even assisting in the inhaler selection process. Future plans Our plan is to repeat the course on a two-year cycle. We are also investi- gating whether other health practi- tioners in the islands, as well as pos- sibly those externally located, would benefit. The DKICP has excellent facilities for remote participation in lecture classes, given the need to minimize expensive travel between islands. These capabilities should make it possible to involve a wider audience and thereby assist in the goal of helping residents in the Hawaiian Islands with lung diseases amenable to inhalation therapy improve their quality of life. Clearly, the same consideration applies to other locations, especially where it is difficult to access estab- lished courses, such as the Aerosol School, operated annually for the past six years under the umbrella of t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o c i e t y f o r Aerosols in Medicine (ISAM). References 1. Kellher JS. Vog gives Hawai'i island a fail- ing grade for air quality. Honolulu Star Advertiser, April 24th 2013. Available at: http://www.staradvertiser.com/news/break ing/20130424_Vog_gives_Hawaii_island _a_failing_grade_for_air_quality.html?id= 204581471. 2. American Lung Association. Lung Dis- ease (in Hawai'i): Statistics Lung Disease General. Available at: http://www.lung.org /associations/states/hawaii/local-pro grams/lung-disease/. 3. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). C O P D A m o n g A d u l t s i n H a w a i ' i . National Center for Chronic Disease Pre- vention and Health Promotion: Division of P o p u l a t i o n H e a l t h . L e a f l e t C S 2 4 1875_Z.2011. Available at: http://www. cdc.gov/copd/maps/docs/pdf/HI_COPDF actSheet.pdf. 4. Bradbury E, Pobutsky A, Reyes-Salvail F, Kromer Baker K., Tottori C. The Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Hawai'i – 2010. Honolulu: Hawai'i State Department of Health, Chronic Disease Management and Control B r a n c h . 2 0 1 0 . A v a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / h e a l t h . h a w a i i . g o v / c h r o n i c - d i s e a s e /files/2013/12/COPD_BurdenReport.pdf. Mahavir B. Chougule, PhD is an Asso- ciate Professor and Ken Morris, PhD is Department Head, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i, at Hilo, Hawai'i. Jolyon P. Mitchell, PhD, FRSC(UK), CChem, CSci is an Affiliate Professor and Owner of Jolyon Mitchell Inhaler Con- sulting Services, Inc. Corresponding a u t h o r : J o l y o n M i t c h e l l , J o l y o n Mitchell Inhaler Consulting Services, Inc., 1154 St. Anthony Road,Lon- don,Ontario, Canada,N6H2R1,Tel: +1 519 4 7 2 -5364,mitchelljolyon @gmail.com. APS Workshop: Modulating the Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Drugs The Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS) will host a one-day workshop entitled "Modulating the Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Drugs" on November 5, 2015 at GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK. At present, no licensed orally inhaled products are formulated for modified release.This workshop's purpose is to critically review formulation options for modulating the pharmacokinetics of inhaled drugs after deposition in the lungs and whether such approaches can enhance the effectiveness of orally inhaled drug products. The focus will be on the underpinning science and relative merits of different formulation approaches. The overall aim is to define the state-of-the-art regarding technologies for pharmacokinetic modulation of inhaled drugs and identify how this can be developed. The workshop will explore the shortcomings of current or future inhaled medicines, which might be satisfied by formulations that modify pharmacokinetics. This includes consideration of the further investment/knowledge required to make this approach a reality. Examples of the ways modulating pharmacokinetics might provide advantages include enhancing lung versus systemic distribution; prolonging lung retention for locally acting drugs; and increasing bioavailability of systemically acting drugs. Deliverables for the workshop are: • Updating current approaches in industry and academia • Reviewing the strengths/weaknesses of alternative technologies • Analyzing product development challenges • Identifying scientific developments required to underpin PK modification strategies • Exploring the possibility of cooperating pre-competitively to address gaps in knowledge For information: www.apsgb.co.uk/Events/20151105.