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July 2021 / 35 References 1. NFPA 664: Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explo- sions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, 800-244-3555, (www.nfpa.org). 2. Nick Umney, "Corrosion of Metals Associated with Wood," Conservation Journal, no. 4, (July 1992): accessed May 7, 2021, http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/ conservation-journal/issue-04/corrosion-of-metals- associated-with-wood. The pH was determined by soaking wood in distilled water. For further reading Find more information on this topic in articles listed under "Mechanical conveying" in the article archive on PBE's website, www.powderbulk.com. Joel E. Dulin (jdulin@biomass-equipment.com, 317-522-0864) is the director of marketing and sales coordinator at Biomass Engineering & Equipment. Biomass Engineering & Equipment Indianapolis, IN 317-522-0864 www.biomassengineeringequipment.com or chain ights. The chains and paddles themselves usually drag along the bottom pan. The conveyors may be designed with an open top or as an enclosed system, as shown in Figure 6. Due to their design, drag sys- tems will commonly wear quickly, leak dust, and can require much maintenance. They can excel at elevating materials at steep angles, however, which is where facilities typically employ them. Chain drag technology has made leaps in the past decade, however, which makes it more appealing than other types of conveyors. Premium models are now available that address the shortcomings of traditional chain systems. These models keep chains and paddles off the oor, which reduces wear and friction, and come fully enclosed, which allows them to capture dust in accordance with NFPA standards. These conveyors are also more ef cient than other conveyance options, nota- bly pneumatic systems. Conclusion To ensure a biomass operation runs as successfully as possible, those who source the material handling equipment must understand the material and must choose systems robust enough to handle it. Light- duty, agricultural-grade conveyors aren't up to the task, and neither are bins or silos designed for free- owing materials. Just as biomass is being used in new ways and at larger scales, the way in which com- panies approach biomass handling needs to change. Decades-old technologies that create dusty messes and repurposed grain bins may work well enough to get by at a small mill, but they aren't suitable for today's high-volume operations. PBE Solids \ Powders \ Conveying \ Processing \ Storage (978) 649-3300 \ info@jenike.com \ jenike.com C e lebr ati ng 5 5 ye a rs o f bu l k so l i d s h a n d l i ng ar o u nd t he worl d ! Innovating, modeling, and designing. We have been your bulk material solution provider from concept to commercialization for 50 years. 5 5 YEARS o u nd d !