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Tablets & Capsules May 2014 39 binders, the higher the lubricant use level, the longer the tablet's disinte- gration time. This occurs because lubricants form a hydrophobic layer over the tablet that impedes the entry of liquid. If liquid cannot readily pen- etrate the tablet's exterior, the cros - carmellose sodium cannot swell and Use with binders. Manufacturers also recommend that formulators minimize the use of binders when using croscarmellose sodium because the greater the amount of binder in the tablet, the stronger it becomes. That, in turn, boosts the amount of croscarmellose sodium required to overcome the binding forces so that the tablet will swell and disintegrate as intended. Consider, for example, the two formulations of methyldopa tablets listed in Table 2, one of which con- tains 1.5 percent polyvinyl pyrroli- done (PVP) and the other 3.5 per- cent PVP. Figure 5 compares the dissolution times of each and shows that the tablet with 2 percent less PVP releases the API approximately 20 percent faster. Use with lubricants. Suppliers of croscarmellose sodium also recom- mend that lubricant should be used sparingly, regardless of whether the formulation is for direct compression or made by wet granulation. As with break up the tablet as intended. In short, the higher the concentration of magnesium stearate, the longer the disintegration time. Consider, for example, the three formulations of hydrochlorotiazide tablets listed in Table 3. The first contains 1 percent magnesium stearate, the second 2 Figure 5 Comparison of dissolution times of methyldopa tablets containing 1.5 percent PVP or 3.5 percent PVP. 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 Time (min) Release (%) 5 10 20 3.5% PVP 1.5% PVP The Proven Innovation Optimize tablet development and manufacture Benefits: • • • • • • ystalline Cellulose ocr Silicified Micr ystalline Cellulose rinsic flow ed lubricat w Enhanced lubrication efficiency ed lubricat d blending oduction yields pr oved content Impr p Enhanced lubrication efficiency ties oper oved blending pr oduction yields mity oved content unifor Material Flow Solutions, Inc Your ONE-STOP Solution for Material Handling and Flow Problems Online: http://www.matflowsol.com We Have Solved Problems with • Erratic Flow • Segregation • Degradation • Blending Issues • Off-Spec End Product If You Have a Particle, We Can Characterize It • Caking • System Failure • System Plug Telephone: (352) 379-8879 Email: matflowsol@bellsouth.net The novel SSSpinTester uses the science of centrifugal force to measure the unconfined yield strength of fine powders using a sample as small as 0.05 gram. Current methods of measur- ing the strength of a powdered material require at least one liter of sample – hard to come by in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. New technology extends the testing range down to 0.1 KPA, allowing direct measurement for arching. We no longer must rely on inherently inaccurate extrapolation for answers. If you can generate sufficient sample to run a particle size analysis, you've got a sample of sufficient quantity to measure strength with the SSSpinTester. j-EOE_36-41_Masters 5/14/14 10:18 AM Page 39