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month. Manufacturing registered growth in July for the fifth consecutive month, as 12 of 18 industries reported an increase in new orders in July (same as in June), and 9 of 18 industries re- ported an increase in production in July (down from 12 in June). Manufacturing expanded in July as the PMI registered 52.6 percent, a decrease of 0.6 percentage point from the June reading of 53.2 percent, indicating growth in manufacturing for the fifth consecutive month. A reading above 50 percent indicates that the manufactur- ing economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates that it is gen- erally contracting. A PMI above 43.2 percent, over a period of time, generally indicates an expansion of the overall economy. The past relationship between the PMI and the overall economy indicates that the average PMI for January through July (51.1 percent) corresponds to a 2.5 percent increase in real gross domestic product (GDP) on an annualized basis. In addition, if the PMI for July (52.6 percent) is annualized, it corresponds to a 3.0 percent increase in real GDP an- nually. Global green coatings market thoroughly analyzed DUBLIN, Ireland—According to a new market report, the future of the global green coatings market will have opportunities in architectural, automo- tive, industrial, wood, and packaging coatings. The market is forecast to grow at a compound average growth rate of 5.1 percent from 2015 to 2020. This is according to Growth Opportunities in Global Green Coatings Market 2015- 2020: Trend, Forecast, and Opportunity Analysis 2016, a report from Research and Markets, an industrial market re- search firm. The major drivers for this market are growth in end-use indus- tries, stringent environmental regula- tions, and growing awareness towards VOC emissions. Primary metals leading index increases in June RESTON, Va.—The primary metals l e a d i n g i n d e x a n d i t s 6 - m o n t h smoothed growth rate both increased in June. The steel leading index and its 6- month smoothed growth rate both also increased. This would suggest strength in primary metals industry activity and strength in steel industry activity near term. The copper leading index and its 6-month smoothed growth rate both decreased in June. The leading index of metal prices and its 6-month smoothed growth rate also both decreased in June. This would suggest weakness in copper industry activity near term and slowing growth in metal prices. However, the nonferrous metals price index recorded a positive growth rate in June, ending a series of negative growth rates that began in September 2014. The primary metals leading index in- creased to 159.1 in June from a revised 1 5 8 . 3 i n M a y , a n d i t s 6 - m o n t h smoothed growth rate increased to 3.2 percent in June from a revised 2.1 per- cent in May. The index's 6-month smoothed growth rate is a compound annual rate that measures the near-term trend. A growth rate above +1.0 percent is usually a sign of an upward near-term trend for future metals activity, whereas a growth rate below -1.0 percent indi- cates a downward trend. The third con- secutive positive month in the 6-month smoothed growth rate suggests that pri- mary metals industry activity continues to strengthen. Four indicators that were available to calculate the index provided positive contributions. The Purchasing Managers' Index provided the largest positive contribution to the primary metals leading index in June. The June leading index should be considered pre- liminary because only six of its eight in- dicators were available. The leading index will be subject to revision when the other components are added next month. Global coating pretreatment market to reach $3.8 billion by 2021 VANCOUVER, Wash.—The global coating pretreatment market size is esti- mated to reach $3.83 billion by 2021, registering a compound annual growth rate of 5.76 percent between 2016 and 2021. This is according to Coating Pre- treatment Market by Type (Phosphate, Chromate, Chromate-Free, And Blast Clean), Metal Substrate (Steel and Alu- minum), Application (Automotive & Transportation, Appliances, and Build- 42 POWDER COATING, September 2016 US primary aluminum production rate surveyed ARLINGTON, Va.—Based on Alu- minum Association surveys, the annual rate of US primary aluminum produc- tion totaled 754,716 metric tons (tonnes) during July 2016, a drop of 52.1 percent from the July 2015 annual rate of 1,576,447 tonnes. Compared to the previous month, the annual rate of production rose four-tenths of one per- cent over the June 2016 annual rate of 751,849 tonnes. The year-to-date (YTD) annual rate of production through July 2016 totaled 876,108 tonnes, off 47.0 percent from the 2015 YTD rate of 1,654,359 tonnes. Actual production for the month of July 2016 totaled 63,924 tonnes. Participating companies account for 100 percent of US primary aluminum production. Manufacturing sector's economic activity expands in July TEMPE, Ariz.—Economic activity in the manufacturing sector expanded in July for the fifth consecutive month, while the overall economy grew for the 86th consecutive month, say the na- tion's supply executives in the latest Manufacturing ISM Report On Busi- ness. The report is based on data com- piled from purchasing and supply exec- utives nationwide. The July PMI registered 52.6 percent, a decrease of 0.6 percentage point from the June reading of 53.2 percent. The New Orders Index registered 56.9 per- cent, a decrease of 0.1 percentage point from the June reading of 57 percent. The Production Index registered 55.4 percent, 0.7 percentage point higher than the June reading of 54.7 percent. The Employment Index registered 49.4 percent, a decrease of 1 percentage point from the June reading of 50.4 percent. Inventories of raw materials registered 49.5 percent, an increase of 1 percentage point from the June reading of 48.5 percent. The Prices Index regis- tered 55 percent, a decrease of 5.5 per- centage points from the June reading of 60.5 percent, indicating higher raw ma- terials prices for the fifth consecutive UPDATE: Markets