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References 1. The names Carbopol, Noveon, and Pemulen are trademarks of Lubrizol, Cleveland, OH. 2. Lubrizol Excipients for Liquid and Semisolid Dosage Forms: www.lubrizol.com/Life-Science/Documents/Pharma ceutical/Brochures/Excipients-for-Liquid-and-Semisolid- Dosage-forms-Oral-and-Topical-Applications.pdf. Accessed April 26, 2016. 3. Lubrizol Excipients for Oral Solid Dosage Forms: www.lubrizol.com/Life-Science/Documents/Pharma ceutical/Brochures/Excipients-for-Oral-Solid-Dosage- Forms.pdf. Accessed April 26, 2016. 4. Andrews et al., 2009. Mucoadhesive polymeric plat- forms for controlled drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 71(3), 505-518. 5. Anlar et al., 1994. Formulation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of buccoadhesive morphine sulfate tablets. Pharm Res.,11(2), 231-236. 6. Asghar et al., 2008. Design and evaluation of matrices of Eudragit with polycarbophil and carbopol for colon-spe- cific delivery. J Drug Target, 16(10), 741-757. 7. Chang, R.K., 2004. Pharmaceutical compositions releasing their active agents from a buccal or sublingual location to overcome an absorption window problem. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. #2004202693. 8. Das, N.G., Das, S.K., 2004. Development of mucoad- hesive dosage forms of buprenophine for sublingual drug delivery. Drug Delivery, 11(2), 89-95 9. Green et al., 1999. An oral formulation of nicotine for release and absorption in the colon: its development and pharmacokinetics. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 48(4), 485-493 10. Ikinci et al., 2006. Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluations of bioadhesive buccal tablets for nicotine replacement therapy. Pharmazie, 61(3), 203-207. 11. Keegan et al., 2007. An in vitro assessment of bioad- hesive zinc/carbomer complexes for antimicrobial therapy within the oral cavity. Int J Pharm, 340, 92-96 12. Kelly et al., 2004. Bioadhesive, rheological, lubricant and other aspects of an oral gel formulation intended for the treatment of xerostomia. Int J Pharm, 278, 391-406 13. Kockisch et al., 2001. A direct-staining method to evaluate the mucoadhesion of polymers from aqueous dis- persion. J Control Release, 77(1-2), 1-6. 14. McGirr et al. 2009. The use of the InteliSite com- panion device to deliver mucoadhesive polymers to the dog colon. Eur J Pharm Sci, 36(4-5), 386-391 15. Palacio, M.L.B, Bhushan,B., 2012. Bioadhesion–a review of concepts and applications, Phil Trans R Soc A, 370, 2321-2347 16. Perioli et al., 2008. Influence of compression force on the behavior of mucoadhesive buccal tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech., 9(1), 274-281. 17. Prabhu et al., 2008. Novel combinations of rate-con- trolling polymers for the release of leuprolide acetate in the colon. Drug Deliv, 15(2), 119-125. 18. Smart, J.D., 2005. The basics and underlying mecha- nisms of mucoadhesion. Adv Drug Deliv Reviews, 57(11), 1556-1568. 19. Varshosaz et al., 2002. Development and characteri- zation of buccoadhesive nifedipine tablets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 54(2), 135-141. 20. Wang, L.L. et al., 2013. Development of in situ gelling and bio adhesive 5-fluorouracil enema. PLoS One 8(8): e71037, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071037 21. Information gathered from manufacturers' websites. Accessed March 24, 2016. Elena Draganoiu, Ph.D., is technology manager within the life sciences business of Lubrizol Advanced Materials, 9911 Brecksville Road Cleveland, OH 44141. Tel. 216 447 5000. Website: www.lubrizol.com. Tablets & Capsules July 2016 23 Your One-Stop Solution for Material Handling and Flow Problems Getting it RIGHT the First Time We provide cost effective engineered solutions based on the measurement of key material flow properties. We combine material flow property testing with over 40 years consulting experience to solve any flow and handling problems facing today's producers of fine powders and granules. Visit us online: http://www.matflowsol.com We Have Solved Problems with: • Degradation • Segregation • Erratic Flow • Caking • Off-Spec Product • System Failure • System Plug • Blending Issues • Scale-up The Solids Flow Experts If you have a particle we can characterize it